Solar Cells
Crystalline Si, amorphous Si, III-V or II-VI
Tandem Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
Flexible materials
Light emitting diodes
Organic
Laser diodes
PhotoDetectors
Challenges: Materials for transparent electrodes ? (Graphene, ITO)
Non-volatile memory devices:
Phase change memory devices
Fuel Cells
Hydrogen Storage Materials
Nano Coatings
Automobile sector
Dairy Technology
Nano Composites
Bio Imaging
(Bio) Sensors
MRI Contrast Agent [[i]]
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), is a medical imaging technique commonly used in radiology to visualize the internal structure and function of every part of the body, and is particularly useful for neurological conditions, for disorders of the muscles and joints, for evaluating tumors, and for showing abnormalities in the heart and blood vessels. MRI provides greater contrast between the different soft tissues of the body than computer tomography (CT) making it very useful in neurological (brain), muskuloskeletal, cardiovascular, and oncological (cancer) imaging. It uses a powerful magnetic field to align the nuclear magnetization of hydrogen atoms in water in the body without the use of ionizing radiation. The alignment of this magnetization is usually altered with radio frequency (RF) fields causing the hydrogen nuclei to produce a rotating magnetic field signal that is detected by the scanner. This signal can be enhanced by additional magnetic fields to build up enough information to construct an image of the body or the tissue. Diseased tissue, such as tumors, can be detected because the protons in different tissues return to their equilibrium state at different rates. Changing the parameters on the scanner creates a contrast between different types of body tissues.
To enhance the appearance of tissues such as blood vessels, tumors, muscles, bones, neurons, etc., contrast agents may be injected intravenously. In certain cases such as problems of the joints, the contrast agents may be directly injected into tissue to generate MR images of joints. MRI is used to image every part of the body, and is particularly useful for neurological conditions, for disorders of the muscles and joints, for evaluating tumors, and for showing abnormalities in the heart and blood vessels.
